In this essay, my focus will be on julius nyerere and his approach to the idea of african socialism. An introduction to african politics, this course will provide for its participants a general survey of the main issues. Ujamaa, the swahili word for extended family, was a social and economic policy developed and implemented in tanzania by president julius kambarage nyerere 19221999 between 1964 and 1985. In march 1959, governor turnbull proposed an increase in tanus role in the government. Based on the idea of collective farming and the villagization of the countryside, ujamaa also called for the nationalization of banks and industry and an increased level of selfreliance. Introduction the death of julius nyerere in october 1999 has renewed interest in the history of the socialist experiment in tanzania and its relevance for the future of the development project in africa. Nyerere the following is reprinted by permission from ujamaa essays on socialism oxford university press, 1973, usa reprint, ed 1962 by julius k. Nyerere accepts the challenge was the headline in the tanganyika standard, the daily. Indigenous and european influences in nyereres social and political thought. Mwalimu nyereres thoughts on party system and democracy.
Julius kambarage nyerere was born on april, 1922 in butiama, on the eastern shore of lake victoria in north west tanganyika. Nyereres policy of education for selfreliance contains specific recommendations, which are advocated on the basis of historical, social, political, philosophical and economic considerations of a society hinzen and hundsdorfer, 1982. Therefore, only the elements of nyerere s thought which speak directly about this have been included. Julius kambarage nyerere was a tanzanian anticolonial activist.
Julius nyerereone of africas most respected figures,julius nyerere 1922 1999 was a politician of principle and intelligence. Nyereres philosophy of adult education and adult learning is. The debate over the indigenous versus the european roots of african democracy has regained importance recently. Julius nyerere was the first prime minister of independent tanganyika 1961 and later became the first president of the new state of tanzania 1964. He was a major force behind the modern panafrican movement and one of the founders in 1963 of the organization of african unity now the african union. Julius kambarage nyerere march 1922 october 14, 1999 was one of africas leading independence heroes and leading light behind the creation of the organization of african unity. Nyereres ruling party rapidly established a monopoly in the political realm and fortified this position by subsuming most associational life under the singleparty state. Influence of nyerere on african political thought synonym.
Julius nyerere 19221999, an african philosopher, re. On the other hand, education has been defined as the process of constant reconstruction of experience, rather than transmission of past values, in order to make it more meaningful and capable of solving present problems. He governed tanganyika as prime minister from 1961 to 1962 and then as president from 1963 to 1964, after which he led its successor state, tanzania, as president from 1964 to 1985. Pdf julius nyerere 1922 1999, an african philosopher. Julius nyerere 1922 1999, an african philosopher, reenvisions teacher education to escape colonialism. An understanding of the trajectory of nyereres intellectual and. Nyereres philosophy of education is one of the most influential and widely studied theories of education.
Nyerere was highly critical of the social, political, economic and cultural value system imposed on his country during the period of colonization, and he worked relentlessly to go back to the traditional african values. Usually translated as familyhood, it was a form of african socialism that blended broadly conceived socialist principles with a distinctly communitarian understanding of african societies, and a strong. Ujamaa oxford research encyclopedia of african history. Therefore, only the elements of nyereres thought which speak directly about this have been included. Whether under capitalism or socialism, under monopartism or multipartism, the state is a coercive instrument. Mwalimu julius kambarage nyerere s philosophy, contribution, and legacies. Biography of julius kambarage nyerere, tanzanian leader. Racial and religious tolerance in nyereres political. Before the introduction of the western system of education into africa. Global south studies nyerere, julius gideon, derek julius kambarage nyerere 19221999 was tanganyikaslater tanzaniacharismatic president from 1961 to 1985, a major theorist of african socialism, and a panafricanist supporter of african liberation struggles throughout the african continent. African political thought of the twentieth century. Ujamaa linked tanzania to a continentwide discourse of african socialism found in the political thought of leopold senghor in senegal, kwame nkrumah in ghana, tom mboya in kenya. T his article analyzes julius nyereres ideology of african socialism and the structural obstacles to its political and social crystalliza tion. Nyerere from tanzania is examined for its african and european sources.
His first move was to appoint five members to the twelve man cabinet. Lou turner by kevin anderson with the death of julius nyerere, the world has lost one of the foremost proponents of african socialism. Julius kambarage nyerere april 1922 14 october 1999 was a tanzanian politician who served as the first president of tanzania and previously tanganyika, from the countrys founding in 1961 until his retirement in 1985. Known as mwalimu or teacher he had a vision of education that was rich with possibility. This article discusses nyereres african socialism ujamaa, philosophy of. Julius nyerere 1922 1999, an african philosopher, re. Mwalimu considered the leading political party, an embodiment of. As nyerere became more exposed to politics and other races, she observes, he attained the sophistication of tolerating mutual coexistence where acknowledging the humanity of others in lieu of settling scores informed a more encompassing political strategy. Mwalimu julius kambarage nyereres philosophy, contribution, and legacies. Ebscohost serves thousands of libraries with premium essays, articles and other content including the political ideology of julius nyerere. One of africas most respected figures, julius nyerere 1922 1999 was a politician of principle and intelligence. In one respect, however, tanzanian political practice did take a page out of the book of most governments who governed in the name of socialism.
Julius nyerere was among the most articulate, intense and militant of the first generation of african nationalists. Julius nyerere s socialist experiment in tanzania challenged the prominent stereotypes of extravagance and corruption embodied by africas ruling elite. Reflections on julius nyereres political thinking and practice, in ulf engel, gero. Policymakers have continued to draw from it for policy reengineering. The african ejournals project has digitized full text of. It explores the ideals and core values of julius nyerere, his stance on religion church and its place in tanzania, his overall impact and. Known as mwalimu or teacher he had a vision of education. The political thought of julius nyerere cranford pratt october 1, 1985 at 12. Salma maoulidi unpacks nyereres legacy in the realm of racial and religious tolerance. Based on the idea of collective farming and the villagization of the countryside, ujamaa also called for the nationalization of banks and industry and an increased level of selfreliance at both an. As president of the united republic of tanzania in 1964. Julius nyerere 1922 1999, an african philosopher, reenvisions teacher education to escape colonialism article pdf available september 2009 with 14,530 reads how we measure reads. Indigenous and european influences in nyereres social and political thought, africa, 70. Focusing on individual political thinkers and beginning with indigenous african political thought, the book successively examines african nationalism, african socialism, populism and marxism, africanism and panafricanism, concluding with contemporary perspectives on democracy, development and the african state.
Tanzanian president julius nyerere may not have always lived a saintly life, but. In his heyday as president of tanzania which he ruled from 1961 to 1985 julius nyerere, who has died from leukaemia aged 77, was lion ised by the liberal left of. The political thought of julius nyerere cranford pratt 20 nyerere and the commonwealth sir shridath ramphal 24 the panafricanist colin legum 27 a world leader george ivansmith 32 mwalimu nyerere bob thompson 36 university visitor extraordinary reg. Julius nyerere was born in butiama, in the north of the united republic of tanzania, in april 1922. Julius nyerere 19221999, an african philosopher, reenvisions teacher education to escape colonialism thenjiwe major and thalia m. A very brief account of nyereres educational and political careers needs to be given in order to fully understand the origins and context of his educational philosophy. Pdf julius nyerere, ujamaa, and political morality in. The idea of ujamaa emerged from the writing and speeches of tanzanias first president, julius k nyerere, from the late 1950s and into the 1960s. It is so because there are events that happened in the african past which have been seen to be largely responsible for the present. Julius kambarage nyerere international bureau of education. Julius nyerere, tanzanian elites, and the project of. He was the architect of ujamaa, an african socialist philosophy which revolutionized tanzanias agricultural system. Julius nyereres socialist experiment in tanzania challenged the prominent stereotypes of extravagance and corruption embodied by africas ruling elite. Julius kambarage nyerere was the president of the united re public of tanzania.
Yet this is not a good time to attempt an appraisal of nyereres political thought, especially if it is a sympathetic one. The political and social thought of kwame nkrumah ama biney dd iii 2811 7. Julius nyerere, tanzanian elites, and the project of african socialism. John dewey and aristotle belong to this school of thought. Nyerere, nationalism and panafricanism pambazuka news. A study in the dynamics of african political thought authors chemponda, aleck humphrey citation african study monographs 1984, 5. Mwalimu julius kambarage nyerere, the philosopherstatesman, was a man of great vision and strong belief in the role of the leading party in the relations between the people and the state. Pdf julius nyerere 19221999, an african philosopher. Available formats pdf please select a format to send. A study in the dynamics of african political thought 63. Known as mwalimu or teacher he had a vision of education and social action that was rich with possibility. A study in the dynamics of african political thought.
Using the critical tools of cultural anthropology, the social and political thought of julius k. Julius kambarage nyerere was born on the thof april, 1922 in butiama in then tanganyika tanzania. Julius nyerere strongly believes that the major purpose of education is. African socialism in nkrumah and nyerere by deji adesoye introduction frican historical experience is interesting. The political thought of julius nyerere cranford pratt 20 nyerere and the commonwealth sir shridath ramphal 24 the panafricanist colin legum 27 a world leader george ivansmith 32 mwalimu nyerere bob thompson 36 university visitor extraordinary reg honeybone 40 contents. Mwalimu julius kambarage nyereres philosophy, contribution, and.